FN-FS2000 Review
Mossad
Mossad had been hiding behind the shadows of the greatness of Israel. They lunge little known compared to the issues concerning the CIA’s doings. Only a handful of people who know that in order to compare the Mossad and the CIA (America), KGB (Russia) and MI6 (Britain) is a stupid thing. Mossad was not a match for them. That’s the reason I want to raise them in my article.
In their symbol is written “Ha-Mossad le-Modiin ule-Tafkidim Meyuhadim” (Hebrew: “המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים” I salute those of you who can read it.) Which means “Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations”.
Mossad was formed by the Prime Minister of Israel David Ben Gurion on the 1st of April 1951. At the start of its formation Gurion said that the purpose of the Mossad is, “For since the founding of our country has been under the threat of his enemies. Constitutional intelligence is at the forefront of defense … We must learn a good way to find out what is going on around we are. ”
Mossad itself has a central headquarters in Tel Aviv. In the 1980s, the personnel is estimated to have numbered numbered 1500-2000 people. Until 1996, the Mossad sirektur always kept a secret until the end of the Israeli government publicly announced Major General Danny Yatom as director Shabtai Shavit replace the fired early 1996.
They Operations
I do not know why until now very difficult to find books about them. The only way to facilitate the search on the keyword search is to replace them with “agents of Israel”.
One of the book tells about the testimony of former members of the Mossad. From the book I learned that the Mossad agents who were ordered to carry out executions, never got a second job. in the book it is narrated that during the reign of Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, Israel has called for the ex-military are considered immune, stubborn, and the obsession. Those who are 4 people were taken to the house of the prime minister in the middle of the night. There had been waiting for the prime minister is also a member of parliament, this is where they will be raised their sense of nationalism. The Prime Minister will cry in front of them to get them motivated to defend their nation. Once they finished ‘enlightened’, then stay an operation. keep in mind, if the mode of operation of the agent is very unique. The agent will only be given an understanding of their target, photographs, data, and all sorts of things related to the target.
When you have finished with it, they will then doberikan money. Once they dierikan money, the mission should be run, AND MAY NOT BE BACK NO CONTACT WITH ISRAEL. Israel only knows if in some future time, the target will be found dead, and Israel cleaner than this. The agent will not find one person in Israel if it encounters an obstacle in carrying out any mission. FAILURE is not an option in the Mossad. If the mission is complete, they are free to enjoy life as usual, they are free to move to America or anyplace with the rest of the money that has been given in the beginning.
In an action that I read, in 1973, Mossad agents had done something wrong, they do not accidentally kill the Bouchiki Ahmed Ali Hassan Salameh was mistaken, they then hunt Salameh which turned out to be in a hotel. The bomb was designed, and successfully infiltrated the hotel room Salameh Salameh before arriving at the hotel, unfortunately so detonator activated, the bombs did not explode. One member of the team immediately took two sticks of dynamite and went straight to my room alone Salameh said, “for the sake of my country, if the bomb can not eliminate Ali Hassan Salameh, then with both hands are going kulenyapkan him”. He finally managed to eliminate Ali Hassan Salemeh with his own hands. That’s a story that can describe how great this Mossad secret agents.
Eli Cohen
Eli Cohen (December 26, 1924 – May 18, 1965) is an agent of Mossad, Israel, and to be considered as one of the most successful spies after World War II.
Born in Egypt, he participated in every activity of the pro-Israel in Egypt during the 1950’s, as in Operation Goshen though the Egyptian government was never able to prove it. He recruited Mossad in 1960 and given a false identity as a Syrian man who was returning home after a long life in Argentina. To reinforce this disguise, he even moved to Argentina in 1961.
Then he moved to Damascus, Syria with the alias Kamel Amin Tsa’abet name (first name or Tha’bet Sa’bet). Cohen managed to gain trust among military officers and government officials syria. Periodically he sent intelligence to Israel by radio, secret letters, and sometimes, during his visit to Israel. Valuable information he was able to send to Israel in 1964 is data about Syrian fortifications in the Golan Heights.
Finally in January 1965, an expert from the Union Soyvet hired by the Syrian intelligence services succeeded in intercepting the message being sent Cohen to Israel. Once brought to trial, he was convicted involved spying and sentenced to death. Many heads of western countries (France, Belgium, Canada) who asks Syrian government to lighten his sentence even Pope Paul VI joined voice, but he still hung by the Syrian government on May 18, 1965. To this day, Syria felt very cheated, still refusing to send the body for burial in Israel Cohen.
Testimonials Cohen
While in disguise, Cohen made good friends with many of the leading generals in Syria including Amin Hafiz. After Hafiz became Prime Minister, he even included one of the candidates for the position as deputy defense minister of Syria.
Many parties claim (although difficult to prove the truth) that Cohen was the one who suggested to plant eucalyptus trees surrounding the military bunkers and places mortar on the Golan Heights that Israel directs his snout. He argues that the planted trees will provide an excellent natural camouflage to go undetected by Israel, as well as to protect the soldiers from the hot weather digurun. Upon her recommendation was approved by the Syrian army, he immediately gave the information to the Israeli intelligence services. During the Six-Day War, valuable information is used by the Israeli Air Force (IAF) which easily destroy most bunkers Syria sheltered behind trees. This eucalyptus trees are still visible on the Golan Heights and a silent witness to the history of the defeat of Syria.
Cohen also received information about Syria’s secret plans to make three layers of defense bunkers to trick the Israeli military must have thought there was just a course.
While in Syria, Cohen lots of gain and gather information about the pilot-Air Force fighter pilot Syria. Including their real names, aliases and their families. Many argue that the information from Cohen is the one used by the Mossad during the Six Day War when there were two fighter jets to bomb Syria that Tel Aviv. When the second jet to the target, Mossad warned them over the radio waves that they know the identity of the pilot, his family, and if they still bombed, her family would be killed. The pilot was so shocked and frightened that finally dropped the bomb-bomb into the ocean and back to the base by saying the target was bombed.
According to the brothers as well as his fellow Mossad agent, Maurice Cohen, Eli Cohen only three more steps to the President of Syria at the time of exposure of the spying he did.
Request of the family that the body be returned to Israel Cohen rejected by the government of Syria (May 2006). In February 2007, Turkish officials confirmed that his government was ready to be a mediator for the return of the bodies Cohen.
Eli Cohen became a National Hero in Israel because Israel thanks infonya won a landslide victory in the 1967 Six Day War.
Welrod Silenced
two Welrod pistols, top earlier .32 caliber Mark II and bottom later 9mm Mark I.
.32 caliber Welrod Mk.II pistol with magazine removed abd bolt opened.
Characteristics
| Welrod Mk.II | Welrod Mk.I | |
| Type | Single Action manually operated | |
| Caliber(s) | 7.65×17 / .32 ACP | 9×19 |
| Weight unloaded | 1090 g | 1500 g |
| Length | 310 mm | 360 mm |
| Barrel length | 95 mm (less silencer) | |
| Magazine capacity | 8 rounds | 6 rounds |
Welrod pistol was developed in UK by Special Operations Executive (S.O.E.), a government organisation which was tasked with intellegence, diversions and other special operations as well as support of the various anti-Hitler resistance movements in occupied Europe. Most of such operations were clandestine by nature and required special equipment, including special weapons. The ordinary silencers for semi-automatic pistols were well known and well developed by the WW2, but there still was the sound of the reciprocating slide during the discharge of the pistol, which was quite audible at night or in other ‘quiet’ environments. To solve this problem, British engineers decided to use manually operated action for the proposed gun. Early prototypes of the new silenced weapon were developed during second half of the 1942, with first prototypes tested in early 1943, in 9×19 Luger and 7.65×17 Browning calibers. Mass production of the 7.65mm Welrod pistol, officially known as Welrod pistol, Mark II, commenced in late 1943, and Birmingham Smal Arms Co, Ltd (BSA). Total number produced is unknown, but some sources stated that at about 14 000 of Welrod Mk.II pistols were produced. Production of the larger, more powerful and more effective 9mm Welrod Mk.I commenced in 1944, on request of the British Special operations forces. The latter model survived for a quite long time, and some 9mm Welrod Mk.I pistols were apparently still in operational use by British Special Operations forces as late as in 1991, during the operation Desert Storm.
During WW2, some Welrod pistols were also air-dropped to european resistance groups, most notable to Denmark. During the same period, Welrod pistols in .32 / 7.65mm were also purchased and later manufactured in USA, apparently to complement more fast-firing but certainly more noisy and less effective Hi-Standard ADM silenced pistols.
The Welrod pistol is manually operated firearm that uses rotary bolt locking with dual locking lugs. Bolt rotation and pull / push actions are controlled by user’s hand through the large round knob located at the rear of the tubular receiver. Trigger is of single action type, striker-fired. A simple automated grip safety is provided at the rear of the magazine housing / grip base. On 9mm Mark I pistols, a conventional trigger guard and a manual safety were added for improved user safety. The detachable single stack magazine also served as a pistol grip, and its bottom part was enclosed into the rubber cover to provide more or less comfortable hold of the gun. The integral silencer was located in the front part of the tube, which also served as a receiver. Barrel was ported at the front, with its ported part wrapped by layers of fine mesh. Ahead of the muzzle, there were several baffles and three rubber washers, all separated by spacers. Before use, whashers had no holes to provide bullet passage, and were penetrated during the first shot. The idea of the rubber washers was to capture as much powder gases ias possible within the silencer body, and service life of these washers was no more than 10-15 rounds, after which silencer effectiveness detoriated quickly. Worn washers were replaced during disassembly of the silencer. The 9mm Mark I Welrod pistol was different in the fact that it has its frontal silencer part made as a separate unit, which was screwed onto the receiver before use. This made the gun better suited for carry and concealment during transportation through enemy territory – an useful feature for a gun that was 36 cm / 14.2 ” long when ready to use.
Zbroyar Z-008
Z-008 Tactical sniper rifle.
Z-008 Tactical Pro sniper rifle.
Z-008 Tactical Pro sniper rifle, close up view.
Caliber(s): 5.56×45 / .223 Rem, .243 Win, 7.62×51 / .308Win, 6.5-284, 6.5×55, .300 Win Mag, .338 Lapua and others
Operation: manually operated bolt action
Barrel: 650, 710 or 760 mm
Weight: 6-6.5 kg less accessories and optics
Length: varies
Feed Mechanism: 5 rounds detachable box magazine
The Z-008 line of custom precision rifles is manufactured in Ukraineby a small privately owned company Zbroyar (Armorer or Gunsmith inUkrainian language). This company was founded in 2004 to manufacturerifles for long target shooting, long range hunting and varminting, aswell as for tactical applications. Z-008 rifles are manufactured on thesemi-custom basis, tailored to preferences of each client.
Theheart of the Zbroyar Z-008 rifle is the proprietary Z-008 action, whichis built around the sturdy, massive stainless steel receiver with verysolid construction. Actions are available in standard or long (magnum)lenghts. Integral recoil lug is provided at the base of the receiver.The barrels are screwed into the receiver but the receiver to barrelinterface is carefully designed to relieve the threads from the most ofthe stress, to ensure maximum accuracy. If required, barrels can bereplaced at the factory or by a competent gunsmith. All Z-008 barrelsare manufactured in-house from the rifled barrel blanks, supplied byLothar Walther or Shilen. Barrels are normally equipped withproprietary muzzle brakes; optional sound moderator (silencer) can beordered from the factory (where it is legal). The bolt has six radiallocking lugs, arranged into three pairs at the front of the bolt, andlocks into the receiver. Z-008 rifles can be manufactured insingle-shot or magazine fed versions. In the latter case, standard AI(Accuracy International Ltd) magazines are used. Z-008 rifles arenormally equipped with fully adjustable Timney triggers, but othertypes of Remington 700-compatible triggers can be used as well (i.e.Jewell triggers). Zbroyar Z-008 Tactical rifles are built using Bell& Carlson adjustable stocks, with integral aluminum bedding blocksand professional bedding. Z-008 Tactical Pro rifles feature proprietary stocks assembled withMagpul components. Normally, each rifle is equipped with steelPicatinny rail at the top of the receiver, which can be used to installany sighting equipment, according to the shooter’s preferences.The Z-008 Tactical Pro rifles also feature octagonal tubular forend, madeof aluminum alloy, which has multiple points to attach additionalPicatinny rails.
AllZbroyar Z-008 rifles are shipped from the factory with 0.5 MOAguarantee, but many can delivery accuracy of up to 0.15 MOA, providingappropriate ammunition and skilled shooter.
M1916 Mauser
Arisaka 38 and 99
6.5mm Arisaka Type 30 rifle. Image by Christopher Caisor, CollectibleFirearms.com
6.5mm Arisaka Type 38 rifle. Image by Christopher Caisor, CollectibleFirearms.com
6.5mm Arisaka Type 38 rifle, close-up view on the receiver; bolt cover is removed. Image by Christopher Caisor, CollectibleFirearms.com
6.5mm Arisaka Type 38 rifle, close-up view on the receiver; bolt cover is installed.
6.5mm Arisaka Type 38 carbine, with the bolt cover in place.
Arisaka Type 44 carbine, with integral folding bayonet and bolt cover installed.
7.7mm Arisaka Type 99 rifle and bayonet in scabbard; bolt cover removed. Image by Christopher Caisor, CollectibleFirearms.com
7.7mm Arisaka Type 99 rifle, close-up view on the receiver, bolt cover installed, bolt handle is turned up and ready to be pulled back.
7.7mm Arisaka Type 02 paratroop takedown rifle. Note the steel-reinforced joint area ahead of the receiver.
| Type 38 long rifle | Type 99 short rifle | Type 02 paratroop rifle | |
| Caliber | 6.5x50SR | 7.7×58 | 7.7×58 |
| Overall length | 1275 mm | 1150 mm | 1150 mm |
| Barrel length | 800 mm | 656 mm | 620 mm |
| Weight | 4.12 kg | 3.8 kg | 4.05 kg |
| Magazine capacity | 5 rounds | 5 rounds | 5 rounds |
Japanese Army began the search for a new small caliber magazine rifle in 1894, with intention to replace obsolete Murata rifles. For this purpose Imperial Army created the commission, led by Colonel Nariake Arisaka. First design, known as Type 30 rifle (30th Year of Emperor Meiji, or 1897 A.D.), showed some deficiencies during the Russo-Japanese war of 1905, and the updated design appeared in 1905-1906 as the Type 38 rifle, generally known as Arisaka type 38. This rifle, chambered for relatively mild 6.5x50SR ammunition, was manufactured in several versions, including long rifle and carbine variants. More than 3 millions of Type 38 rifles were manufactured by various Government arsenals. The Arisaka Type 38 rifle was heavily influenced by contemporary Mauser designs, but also had some unique features. After serious battle experience in China, Japanese Army decided to step up in caliber and power, and introduced the 7.7x58mm ammunition. The 7.7×58 cartridge was based on the British .303 round (7.7x57R), with the rim removed. New rifle was based on the Type 38 design, and was designated as Type 99 (this is another Japanese nomenclature, actually meaning that the rifle was adopted on year 2099 from the creation of the world). In 1940 Japanese Army adopted the short pattern of the Type 99 rifle, which replaced both long infantry rifle and carbine. More than three and a half millions of Type 99 rifles were manufactured in Japan between 1938 and 1945. There were some further developments, for example, several sniper rifles, fitted with 2.5X or 4X scopes, as well as several take-down rifles, intended for paratroopers. First takedown rifles were made in small numbers from standard Type 99 rifles and featured interrupted screw joint between the barrel and the receiver. This system proved to be too weak, and in 1942 Type 02 paratrooper take-down rifle has been introduced, with simple and rigid cross wedge lock. This rifle, chambered in 7.7×58, has been adopted in mid-1943. Arisaka Type 38 and, especially, Type 99 rifles are generally quoted as very strong rifles, but this refers only to the rifles, made before the late stages of the World war 2. Late-war rifles, sometimes known as Substitute Type 99, or “last ditch” Type 99 rifles, were often made from low grade steel, with no heat treatment and no finish. Many of these rifles were simply dangerous for shooters to fire.
Arisaka Type 38 rifle is a manually operated, rotating bolt design. Mauser-type bolt has two frontal lugs, and non-rotating Mauser-type claw extractor. Mauser-type integral magazine held five rounds, and was loaded using either stripper clips or loose rounds. One specific feature of Arisaka rifles was the sliding bolt cover, which protected the receiver openings from harsh pacific climate, and reciprocated along with the bolt. This feature was hardly useful, especially as it rattled when the bolt was operated. Not surprisingly, many soldiers removed these covers from their rifles. Another specific feature of Arisaka Type 99 rifles was the anti-aircraft sight with lead bars, intended for shooting at low flying aircrafts. This feature also had a very little practical value, as even the 7.7mm ammunition was way too weak to do any serious damage to WW2 era attack aircrafts. The chances to hit the fast moving aircraft like F6F Hellcat or F4U Corsair with the shots from bolt action rifle also are diminutive, to say the least, so this feature, probably, had more psychological effect than anything else. The manual safety is controlled by the large rotating knob at the rear end of the bolt. The knob is usually serrated (late-war rifles has no serrations as a money and time-saving measure), and had an indexing groove, which allows to check the state of the safety manually and visually. Some rifles, including Type 02 paratroop rifles, also have folding monopods, made from steel wire and located under the forend. The paratroop rifles were easily disassembled into two parts, the receiver with the buttstock, and the barrel with the forend. To take the rifle down into two major parts, one must unscrew and then pull the cross wedge out, and then pull the barrel forward and out of the receiver.
CIS Ultimax 100
Ultimax 100 Mk.2 machine gun with 30-round M16 magazine and sheathed bayonet (anunusual accessory for a machine gun).
Ultimax 100 Mk.3 machine gun with 100-round drum; note different position of thecarrying handle.
Ultimax 100 Mk.3 machine gun in “assault” configuration, with shortbarrel, folded bipod and no butt.
Caliber 5.56mm NATO Weight 4,9 kg w/o magazine; 6,8 kg with loaded 100-round magazine and sling Length 1024 mm with standard barrel and butt; 633 mm with assault barrel and no butt Length of barrel 508 mm or 330 mm (‘assault’ barrel) Feeding drum magazine 100 rounds or box magazine 30 rounds Rate of fire 400-600 rounds per minute
In 1978, an American small arms designer James Sullivan, a man who previously worked for Armalite and participated in design of the AR-18 assault rifle, traveled to Singapore. There he joined the small arms design team at Chartered Industries of Singapore(CIS; now Singapore Technologies Kinetics) Inc, with task to design a squad automat weapon / light machine gun that could serve as a companion to the assault rifle then in development at the same company. After about four years of development and trials, Singaporean army adopted the new squad automatic weapon, known as Ultimax 100, in 1982. Ultimax light machine gun was produced in three subsequent versions (Marks), with fourth being evaluated in USA at the time of this writing (autumn 2007). The current production version is Ultimax 100 Mark 3, which is described below.Other versions are as follows: Ultimax 100 Mk.1 was a pre-production variant.Ultimax 100 Mk.2 was the first production gun, with fixed (non-detachable) barrel and a folding carrying handle located above the center of the mass of the gun. Production ceased by late eighties, with introduction of the Ultimax 100 Mk.3.Ultimax 100 Mk.4 is an updated version of Mk.3, developed for US Marine Corps “Infantry Automatic Rifle” competition. It features an updated barrel with M16A2-style flash hider, Picatinny rails on top of receiver, optional for end with additional Picatinny rails on 3-, 6- and 9-o’clock positions, and a quick-detachable magazine adaptor for unmodified M16 (STANAG) magazines. The new buttstock is of skeletonized design and folds to the side. The trigger / fire control / pistol group is a modular unit, which can produce a variety of firing modes including single shots, three-round bursts and full-automatic fire.
Ultimax 100 Mk.3 is gas operated, air cooled, magazine fed weapon. Ultimax 100 Mk.3 has quick detachable barrels, equipped with carrying handle to assist hot barrel removal. Each gun is supplied with two barrels, and additional barrels of standard (508 mm) or short (330 mm) length can be obtained from manufacturer (latest versions also available with optional 267 mm “VIP Protection” barrel). Gun is gas operated, utilizing short-stroke piston gas system, located above the barrel and fitted with manual gas regulator that has five settings. Barrel is locked using rotary bolt with multiple radial lugs. The patented “constant recoil” action is in fact a simple effort to avoid the heavy bolt group slamming against the backstop in receiver. This is done by elongating the stamped-steel receiver (and available bolt travel path) and by carefully calculating the strength of return spring. Feed is from detachable magazines only, using either proprietary 100-round drum magazines or slightly modified 30-round M16-type box magazines (modification involves an additional lock holes for Ultimax magazine catch). Drum magazines are made mostly from plastic, with translucent rear wall which permits easy check of available ammunition. Original intent was to make these drums disposable but currently these are reusable. Ejection of spent cartridges is to the right side, and ejection port is covered by spring-loaded dust cover. Firing controls include a pistol grip and a conventional rifle-type trigger; ambidextrous safety / fire selector levers are located at either side of receiver, above the pistol grip. Gun fires from open bolt only, in semi-automatic or full automatic modes. Standard furniture includes a lightweight folding bipod, attached to the gas block, short polymer forend with forward pistol grip, and a removable plastic butt (gun can be safely fired with butt removed). One somewhat unusual accessory for Ultimax 100 is a bayonet lug on the barrel, which permits attachment of a standard M16-compatible bayonet.
Colt Browning M1895
Colt Browning M1895 machine gun.
Colt Browning M1895/14 machine gun, made by Marlin Corp. Image courtesy of James D.Julia auction house, USA
Colt Browning M1895/14 machine gun, made by Marlin Corp. Image courtesy of James D.Julia auction house, USA
Firing the Colt Browning M1895/14 machine gun. Note the massive piston swinging below the barrel.
Marlin M1917 tank machine gun, based on the Colt Browning M1895 machinegun.
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The first domestically designed machine gun appeared in the USA in 1895. It was the Colt M1895 machine gun, developed by gun genius John Moses Browning between 1891 and 1895. It was known as a “potato digger” for its peculiar down-swinging arm driven by a gas piston. The US Navy adopted this gun circa 1896 in its contemporary 6mm Lee Navy(.234) cartridge, and a little later the US Army bought some guns chambered for the Army’s .30-40 Krag cartridge. The M1895 was made inlimited numbers and saw some action during the US-Spanish war of 1898,along with older manually operated Gatling guns. It was also sold for export, most notably to Imperial Russia, which in 1914 ordered significant numbers of M1895’s in its 7.62x54R caliber.Colt Model 1895 machine gun (at the time it was not publicly associated with the name of its inventor, John Moses Browning) was gas operated, belt fed, air cooled automatic weapon.It used a heavy, fixed barrel and an unusual gas system with swinging gas piston. In this system, the gas piston was located below the barrel at the right angle to the bore, and upon discharge it was blown by the powder gases down and to the rear, pivoting on the long lever attached to the barrel behind the port. This piston lever was connected to the bolt by the set of struts and levers, which transferred radial movement of the piston to the linear movement of the bolt. This system, while requiring sufficient clearance below the gun to operate (otherwise the gun would literally dug into the ground, thus earning the name of“potato digger”), also resulted in slow initial movement of the bolt,assisting positive extraction (feature later lost in Marlin conversions of 1917 / 1918). Barrel locking was achieved by tipping the rear part of the bolt down, into the recess in the receiver floor.Firing was from closed bolt, using internal striker (hammer) with linear movement. Firing controls include single pistol grip at the rear of receiver, and a rifle-type trigger.Feed was using cloth belts, from left side only. Belt traction module was of simple design, utilizing single sprocket wheel operated by the levers connected to gas piston. Cartridges were withdrawn from the beltto the rear prior to loading into the barrel; spent cases were ejected to the right via aperture in receiver.Standard mounting was tripod of solid design, with elevation and traverse mechanisms.
Modifications: Colt Model 1914:Commercial version of the original M1895, chambered in .30-06 US ammunition (for domestic use, mostly as Army training gun) or in .303British and 7,62x54R as supplied to Britain and Imperial Russia. Key difference was the detachable barrel with multiple radial fins. Many guns of this type were shipped to Allied forces during WW1. It was also produced by Marlin.
Marlin M1917,M1918:tank and aircraft machine guns, produced by Marlin Arms Corp. Key modifications from basic design were adoption of the linear gas piston, running in parallel to the barrel and below it, along with addition with an aluminum radiator. Most Marlin guns saw action as aircraft machine guns.
War Education 